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Beispielsätze
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je...desto (Grundstruktur)
The more...the more (Basic Structure)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
This structure expresses a proportional relationship between two situations or qualities. Both 'je' and 'desto' are followed by an adjective or adverb in its comparative form. 'Je' introduces a subordinate clause, and 'desto' introduces the main clause.
Beispielsatz
Je älter ich werde, desto weiser werde ich.
The older I get, the wiser I become.
je...desto (Satzbau)
je...desto (Sentence Structure)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
The 'je' clause is a subordinate clause, meaning the conjugated verb goes to the end. The 'desto' clause is a main clause, and the conjugated verb typically comes immediately after the comparative adjective/adverb and any accompanying noun/pronoun, following V2 word order.
Beispielsatz
Je mehr du lernst, desto besser verstehst du die Grammatik.
The more you learn, the better you understand the grammar.
je mehr/weniger...desto mehr/weniger (mit Nomen)
The more/less...the more/less (with Nouns)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
When comparing quantities of nouns, use 'je mehr/weniger' and 'desto mehr/weniger'. 'Mehr' and 'weniger' function as quantifiers and are followed directly by the noun. The structure remains the same: 'je' clause (verb at end), 'desto' clause (verb after comparative/quantifier).
Beispielsatz
Je mehr Geld er verdient, desto mehr Luxusartikel kauft er.
The more money he earns, the more luxury items he buys.
je...umso (Alternative zu desto)
je...umso (Alternative to desto)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
'Umso' is a direct synonym for 'desto' and can be used interchangeably in the 'je...desto' construction. The meaning and sentence structure remain identical. It's often used for stylistic variation or regional preference.
Beispielsatz
Je früher wir anfangen, umso schneller sind wir fertig.
The earlier we start, the sooner we are finished.
so...wie (Gleichheit)
as...as (Equality)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
This structure expresses equality between two things or qualities. 'So' is followed by an adjective or adverb in its positive (base) form, and 'wie' introduces the second element of comparison. It does not use the comparative form.
Beispielsatz
Er ist so groß wie sein Vater.
He is as tall as his father.
so viel/viele...wie (mit Nomen)
as much/many...as (with Nouns)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
To compare quantities of nouns and express equality, use 'so viel' for uncountable nouns and 'so viele' for countable nouns. 'Wie' then introduces the second element of comparison. The noun directly follows 'viel' or 'viele'.
Beispielsatz
Ich habe so viele Bücher wie du.
I have as many books as you.
nicht so...wie (Ungleichheit)
not as...as (Inequality)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
To express inequality, simply add 'nicht' before 'so'. This indicates that the first element is less than the second in the specified quality. The adjective/adverb remains in its positive (base) form.
Beispielsatz
Mein neues Handy ist nicht so teuer wie das alte.
My new phone is not as expensive as the old one.
als (nach Komparativ)
than (after Comparative)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
'Als' is used after an adjective or adverb in its comparative form to express inequality. It introduces the second element of comparison, indicating that the first element possesses more or less of a quality than the second.
Beispielsatz
Berlin ist größer als Hamburg.
Berlin is bigger than Hamburg.
mehr/weniger...als (mit Nomen)
more/less...than (with Nouns)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
Similar to adjectives, 'mehr' (more) and 'weniger' (less) are used with nouns to express inequality. 'Als' then introduces the second noun or pronoun being compared. 'Mehr' and 'weniger' are used for both countable and uncountable nouns in this context.
Beispielsatz
Er hat mehr Geld als ich.
He has more money than I.
als vs. wie (Zusammenfassung)
als vs. wie (Summary)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
This is a crucial distinction: Use 'wie' for equality (as...as) and 'als' for inequality (than). 'Wie' follows the positive form of an adjective/adverb or 'so...'. 'Als' follows the comparative form of an adjective/adverb or 'mehr/weniger'.
Beispielsatz
Sie ist so alt wie ich, aber er ist älter als ich.
She is as old as I am, but he is older than I am.
als ob (hypothetischer Vergleich)
as if / as though (hypothetical comparison)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
'Als ob' introduces a hypothetical comparison, meaning something appears to be true but might not be. It always introduces a subordinate clause, so the conjugated verb goes to the end. It requires the Konjunktiv II (subjunctive mood) to express the hypothetical nature.
Beispielsatz
Er tut so, als ob er alles wüsste.
He acts as if he knew everything.
als wenn (Alternative zu als ob)
as if / as though (Alternative to als ob)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
'Als wenn' is a complete synonym for 'als ob' and can be used interchangeably. It also introduces a subordinate clause with the verb at the end and requires Konjunktiv II to express hypothetical comparisons. The choice between 'als ob' and 'als wenn' is often a matter of personal preference or regional variation.
Beispielsatz
Sie sprach, als wenn sie die Antwort schon kannte.
She spoke as if she already knew the answer.
als (ohne ob/wenn für hypothetischen Vergleich)
as if / as though (without ob/wenn for hypothetical comparison)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
When 'als' is used alone for a hypothetical comparison (without 'ob' or 'wenn'), it introduces a main clause structure. This means the conjugated verb comes immediately after 'als', followed by the subject. Konjunktiv II is still required. This structure is more concise but requires careful attention to word order.
Beispielsatz
Er tut so, als wüsste er alles.
He acts as if he knew everything.
Konjunktiv II für hypothetische Vergleiche (Gegenwart)
Konjunktiv II for Hypothetical Comparisons (Present)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
For hypothetical comparisons in the present, use the Konjunktiv II of the verb. For most verbs, this is formed with 'würde' + infinitive. For strong verbs and modal verbs, specific Konjunktiv II forms exist (e.g., 'wüsste', 'hätte', 'wäre', 'könnte').
Beispielsatz
Er spricht, als ob er krank wäre.
He speaks as if he were sick.
Konjunktiv II für hypothetische Vergleiche (Vergangenheit)
Konjunktiv II for Hypothetical Comparisons (Past)
📌 Grammatiknotiz
For hypothetical comparisons referring to the past, use the Konjunktiv II of 'haben' or 'sein' + Partizip II (past participle) of the main verb. This forms the Konjunktiv II Plusquamperfekt. This indicates that the hypothetical event would have happened in the past.
Beispielsatz
Sie sah aus, als ob sie die ganze Nacht nicht geschlafen hätte.
She looked as if she hadn't slept all night.
Vergleichssätze mit Präpositionen
Comparison Sentences with Prepositions
📌 Grammatiknotiz
Sometimes comparisons involve prepositions, especially when comparing actions or states. The structure 'so...wie' or 'als' can still be used, but the prepositional phrase is integrated. This card highlights how prepositions fit into these comparison structures.
Beispielsatz
Er ist so gut in Mathe wie sein Bruder.
He is as good at math as his brother.
Vergleichssätze mit Adjektivdeklination
Comparison Sentences with Adjective Declension
📌 Grammatiknotiz
When an adjective in a comparison modifies a noun, it must be declined according to its position (after definite/indefinite article or without). This applies to adjectives used in 'so...wie', 'als', and even within 'je...desto' structures if a noun is present.
Beispielsatz
Ich habe ein so schönes Auto wie du.
I have as beautiful a car as you.
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