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Beispielsätze
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weil
because
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END of the clause
Beispielsatz
Ich lerne Deutsch, weil ich in Deutschland arbeiten moechte.
I'm learning German because I want to work in Germany.
denn
because / for (more formal)
📐 Word Order
No word order change - keeps Verb in position 2
Beispielsatz
Ich lerne Deutsch, denn ich moechte in Deutschland arbeiten.
I'm learning German, for I want to work in Germany.
da
since / as (already-known reason)
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END; often used at the beginning
Beispielsatz
Da es regnet, nehmen wir einen Regenschirm.
Since it's raining, we're taking an umbrella.
deshalb
therefore / that's why
📐 Word Order
deshalb pushes the subject AFTER the verb (inversion)
Beispielsatz
Es regnet. Deshalb bleiben wir zu Hause.
It's raining. That's why we're staying home.
daher
therefore / hence
📐 Word Order
Same as deshalb - causes subject-verb inversion
Beispielsatz
Das Wetter ist schlecht. Daher fahren wir nicht ans Meer.
The weather is bad. Hence we're not going to the sea.
deswegen
because of this / for this reason
📐 Word Order
Causes subject-verb inversion
Beispielsatz
Sie hat keine Lust. Deswegen kommt sie nicht.
She doesn't feel like it. Because of this she isn't coming.
folglich
consequently / as a result
📐 Word Order
Causes subject-verb inversion
Beispielsatz
Er hat nicht geubt. Folglich hat er die Pruefung nicht bestanden.
He didn't practice. Consequently he didn't pass the exam.
obwohl
although / even though
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END of the clause
Beispielsatz
Obwohl er muede ist, arbeitet er weiter.
Although he is tired, he keeps working.
trotzdem
nevertheless / despite that
📐 Word Order
Causes subject-verb inversion
Beispielsatz
Es regnet. Trotzdem gehen wir spazieren.
It's raining. Nevertheless we go for a walk.
aber
but / however
📐 Word Order
No change - keeps V2 in both clauses
Beispielsatz
Ich moechte kommen, aber ich habe keine Zeit.
I'd like to come, but I don't have time.
jedoch
however / yet
📐 Word Order
Can appear in different positions; causes inversion if first
Beispielsatz
Das war schwierig. Jedoch haben wir es geschafft.
That was difficult. However we managed it.
dennoch
nonetheless / still
📐 Word Order
Causes subject-verb inversion
Beispielsatz
Die Aufgabe ist schwer. Dennoch versuchen wir es.
The task is hard. Nonetheless we try it.
obgleich
even though / although (formal)
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END
Beispielsatz
Obgleich er Erfahrung hat, macht er Fehler.
Even though he has experience, he makes mistakes.
damit
so that / in order that (different subjects)
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END of the clause
Beispielsatz
Ich erklaere es langsam, damit du alles verstehst.
I explain it slowly so that you understand everything.
um ... zu + Infinitiv
in order to (same subject)
📐 Word Order
um at start, zu + infinitive at end of clause
Beispielsatz
Er lernt Deutsch, um in Deutschland zu arbeiten.
He learns German in order to work in Germany.
als
when (single past event)
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END; used for SINGLE past events
Beispielsatz
Als ich Kind war, wohnte ich in Hamburg.
When I was a child, I lived in Hamburg.
wenn
when / whenever / if
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END; used for present, future, repeated events
Beispielsatz
Wenn ich Zeit habe, lese ich ein Buch.
When I have time, I read a book.
waehrend
while / during
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END
Beispielsatz
Waehrend er kochte, hoerte er Musik.
While he was cooking, he listened to music.
nachdem
after (an action is completed)
📐 Word Order
Verb at END; tense must shift (Plusquamperfekt in the nachdem-clause)
Beispielsatz
Nachdem er gegessen hatte, machte er einen Spaziergang.
After he had eaten, he went for a walk.
bevor
before
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END
Beispielsatz
Bevor er schlaeft, putzt er die Zaehne.
Before he sleeps, he brushes his teeth.
seitdem
since (a point in time)
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END
Beispielsatz
Seitdem er in Muenchen wohnt, spricht er besser Deutsch.
Since he has been living in Munich, he speaks German better.
sobald
as soon as
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END
Beispielsatz
Sobald der Zug ankommt, steigen wir ein.
As soon as the train arrives, we get on.
sondern
but rather / but instead (after negation)
📐 Word Order
Used after negation (nicht / kein); no word order change
Beispielsatz
Er ist nicht gross, sondern klein.
He is not tall, but rather short.
waehrend (adversativ)
while / whereas (contrast)
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END
Beispielsatz
Er mag Kaffee, waehrend sie lieber Tee trinkt.
He likes coffee, whereas she prefers tea.
sodass
so that (as a result)
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END
Beispielsatz
Er sprach zu leise, sodass wir ihn nicht hoeren konnten.
He spoke too quietly, so that we couldn't hear him.
so ... dass
so ... that
📐 Word Order
so + adjective in main clause, dass + verb at END
Beispielsatz
Das Buch ist so interessant, dass ich es nicht weglegen konnte.
The book is so interesting that I couldn't put it down.
falls
if / in case (conditional)
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END
Beispielsatz
Falls es regnet, nehmen wir ein Taxi.
If it rains, we'll take a taxi.
sofern
provided that / as long as
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END
Beispielsatz
Sofern du puenktlich bist, koennen wir das schaffen.
Provided you are on time, we can manage it.
indem
by doing / by (method)
📐 Word Order
Verb moves to the END; same subject as main clause
Beispielsatz
Er lernt Deutsch, indem er jeden Tag Vokabeln uebst.
He learns German by practising vocabulary every day.
anstatt ... zu + Infinitiv
instead of (doing something)
📐 Word Order
anstatt at start, zu + infinitive at end
Beispielsatz
Anstatt zu lernen, schaut er Fernsehen.
Instead of studying, he watches TV.
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