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Frases de ejemplo
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Adjetivos terminados en -o
Adjectives ending in -o change to -a for feminine singular nouns.
📌 Nota gramatical
Descriptive adjectives ending in the masculine singular vowel '-o' change that ending to '-a' to agree with feminine singular nouns. This is the most common adjective paradigm in Spanish.
Ejemplo
Adjetivos terminados en consonante
Adjectives ending in a consonant do not change for masculine and feminine.
📌 Nota gramatical
Adjectives that end in a consonant (like -l, -n, -r, -z) generally keep the exact same form for both masculine and feminine singular nouns. Do not add an '-a' to these adjectives.
Ejemplo
Adjetivos terminados en -e
Adjectives ending in -e remain the same for masculine and feminine.
📌 Nota gramatical
Adjectives ending in the vowel '-e' (such as 'grande', 'inteligente', 'triste') are invariable regarding gender. They do not change to '-a' when paired with a feminine noun.
Ejemplo
Pluralización de adjetivos (-s y -es)
Add -s to vowel-ending adjectives and -es to consonant-ending adjectives for plural.
📌 Nota gramatical
Just like nouns, adjectives must match the plural form of the noun they modify. Add '-s' if the adjective ends in a vowel, and '-es' if it ends in a consonant.
Ejemplo
Posición básica del adjetivo (detrás del sustantivo)
Descriptive adjectives usually come AFTER the noun in Spanish.
📌 Nota gramatical
Unlike English, where adjectives usually precede the noun (e.g., 'the red car'), descriptive adjectives in Spanish normally follow the noun they modify.
Ejemplo
Adjetivos de nacionalidad
Nationality adjectives follow the noun and match gender and number.
📌 Nota gramatical
Nationalities function as adjectives in Spanish. They follow the noun. Those ending in a consonant or '-o' change for feminine and plural according to standard rules.
Ejemplo
Adjetivos de cantidad antes del sustantivo
Quantity and number adjectives come BEFORE the noun.
📌 Nota gramatical
Adjectives that express quantity, amount, or an inherent property (like numbers or words like 'mucho', 'poco', 'otro') are placed before the noun.
Ejemplo
Apócope de bueno y malo
Bueno and malo drop the final -o before a masculine singular noun.
📌 Nota gramatical
When 'bueno' (good) and 'malo' (bad) come directly before a masculine singular noun, they drop their final '-o' and become 'buen' and 'mal'.
Ejemplo
Apócope de grande (gran)
Grande becomes gran before any singular noun to mean great/wonderful.
📌 Nota gramatical
When 'grande' is placed before a singular noun (masculine or feminine), it shortens to 'gran'. It maintains its full form 'grande' when placed after the noun (meaning physically large).
Ejemplo
Acuerdos con sustantivos mixtos (Masculino plural)
Mixed-gender groups use the masculine plural adjective form.
📌 Nota gramatical
When an adjective modifies two or more nouns of different genders combined, the adjective takes the masculine plural form, regardless of whether there are more feminine nouns.
Ejemplo
Apócope de santo (san)
Santo shortens to san before most masculine saint names.
📌 Nota gramatical
The adjective/title 'santo' shortens to 'san' when it precedes the proper name of a masculine saint (e.g., San Juan). Exceptions: saints whose names begin with Do- or To- keep 'santo' (e.g., Santo Domingo).
Ejemplo
Posesivos básicos (mi, tu, su)
Possessive adjectives come BEFORE the noun and match the item possessed.
📌 Nota gramatical
Possessive adjectives ('mi', 'tu', 'su', 'nuestro', 'vuestro') are placed before the noun. In A1, note that singular forms ('mi', 'tu', 'su') do not change for gender, only for number ('mis', 'tus', 'sus').
Ejemplo
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