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Frases de ejemplo
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El mío, la mía, los míos, las mías
Mine (First-person singular possessive pronouns)
📌 Nota gramatical
Possessive pronouns replace a noun and agree in gender and number with the noun they replace, not with the owner. They always take a definite article (el, la, los, las) unless they follow the verb 'ser' in certain contexts.
Ejemplo
El tuyo, la tuya, los tuyos, las tuyas
Yours (Informal singular second-person possessive pronouns)
📌 Nota gramatical
Used to replace a noun belonging to 'tú'. Like all possessive pronouns, they match the gender and number of the possessed item, requiring the appropriate definite article.
Ejemplo
El suyo, la suya, los suyos, las suyas
His, hers, yours (formal), theirs possessive pronouns
📌 Nota gramatical
Because 'suyo' can refer to él, ella, usted, ellos, ellas, or ustedes, it is frequently ambiguous out of context. To clarify ownership, replace it with 'de + pronoun' (e.g., el de él, el de usted).
Ejemplo
El nuestro, la nuestra, los nuestros, las nuestras
Ours (First-person plural possessive pronouns)
📌 Nota gramatical
These pronouns refer to something belonging to 'nosotros' or 'nosotras'. Note that 'nuestro/a' retains its written accent mark on the 'é' across all forms.
Ejemplo
El vuestro, la vuestra, los vuestros, las vuestras
Yours (Plural informal second-person, Peninsular Spanish)
📌 Nota gramatical
Used primarily in Spain when addressing a group of friends or peers informally ('vosotros'). Like 'nuestro', it maintains an accent mark on the 'é'.
Ejemplo
Possessive pronouns after the verb 'ser'
Omission of the definite article after 'ser'
📌 Nota gramatical
When a possessive pronoun follows the verb 'ser' to indicate ownership (e.g., 'This book is mine'), the definite article (el, la, los, las) is generally omitted, unless the emphasis is on identification or selection.
Ejemplo
Este, esta, estos, estas
This / These (Demonstrative pronouns close to the speaker)
📌 Nota gramatical
Demonstrative pronouns point out specific items. Historically they carried accent marks to distinguish them from adjectives, but modern RAE guidelines make accents optional unless ambiguity arises.
Ejemplo
Ese, esa, esos, esas
That / Those (Demonstrative pronouns close to the listener)
📌 Nota gramatical
Used for objects or concepts near the person you are speaking to, or distant in time/space from both speakers. They match the gender and number of the noun replaced.
Ejemplo
Aquel, aquella, aquellos, aquellas
That / Those over there (Distant demonstrative pronouns)
📌 Nota gramatical
Used for objects, places, or times far away from both the speaker and the listener. They carry a written accent on the final syllable of the masculine/feminine singular forms.
Ejemplo
Esto, eso, aquello
Neuter demonstrative pronouns (This, that, that over there)
📌 Nota gramatical
Neuter pronouns have no gender or plural forms. They are used exclusively to refer to abstract ideas, unknown situations, or unidentified objects pointing to a whole clause or concept.
Ejemplo
El de / La de / Los de / Las de
The one(s) of / belonging to (Clarifying possessives)
📌 Nota gramatical
To avoid ambiguity with 'suyo/a', Spanish uses 'el/la/los/las de + noun/pronoun'. This construction explicitly specifies who possesses the item in question.
Ejemplo
Combined possessive and demonstrative structures
Combining demonstratives and possessives (e.g., Este mío)
📌 Nota gramatical
Demonstrative adjectives can be combined with possessive forms placed after the noun (or pronoun) for added emotional emphasis or colloquial emphasis (e.g., 'este amigo mío').
Ejemplo
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