—
Frases de ejemplo
← → Flechas para navegar · A para escuchar
La regla general de formación (yo form switch)
The general formation rule: start with the 'yo' form of the present indicative, drop the -o, and add opposite endings.
📌 Nota gramatical
To form the present subjunctive for regular and many irregular verbs, take the first-person singular (yo) of the present indicative, drop the final -o, and add the subjunctive endings. For -ar verbs, use -e endings (-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, -en). For -er/-ir verbs, use -a endings (-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an).
Ejemplo
Verbos -ar y -er con cambio radical (stem-changing verbs)
Stem-changing -ar and -er verbs (e->ie, o->ue) in the present subjunctive.
📌 Nota gramatical
Verbs that undergo stem changes in the present indicative (-ar and -er verbs) maintain those exact stem changes in all persons of the present subjunctive except nosotros and vosotros, which keep the base vowel of the infinitive.
Ejemplo
Verbos -ir con cambio radical (e->i, e->ie, o->ue)
Stem-changing -ir verbs undergo stem changes across all persons, including nosotros and vosotros.
📌 Nota gramatical
Unlike -ar and -er verbs, -ir stem-changing verbs have a vowel modification in all forms of the present subjunctive. Verbs with e->ie or e->i change to 'i' in the nosotros/vosotros forms (e.g., sentir -> sinta, sintamos). Verbs with o->ue change to 'u' in nosotros/vosotros (e.g., dormir -> duerma, durmamos).
Ejemplo
Verbos con irregularidad en la 'yo' (tengo, conozco, salgo...)
Verbs with an irregular 'yo' form in the present indicative maintain that irregularity.
📌 Nota gramatical
Because the present subjunctive is derived from the 'yo' form of the present indicative, any verb that has an irregular 'yo' (like tener -> tengo, salir -> salgo, conocer -> conozco, decir -> digo) keeps that consonant or stem root throughout the entire subjunctive conjugation.
Ejemplo
Verbos terminados en -car, -gar, -zar (ortografía)
Orthographic spelling changes in verbs ending in -car, -gar, and -zar to preserve pronunciation.
📌 Nota gramatical
To maintain the hard/soft sound before the subjunctive 'e' endings, verbs ending in -car change to -qu- (buscar -> busque), -gar change to -gu- (llegar -> llegue), and -zar change to -c- (empezar -> empiece) across all persons.
Ejemplo
Verbos terminados en -ger, -gir y -uir (ortografía)
Spelling adjustments for verbs ending in -ger/-gir (-j-) and -uir (-y-).
📌 Nota gramatical
Verbs ending in -ger or -gir change the 'g' to 'j' before the 'a' endings to preserve the sound (e.g., coger -> coja). Verbs ending in -uir insert a 'y' before endings that do not start with 'i' (e.g., huir -> huya, huyamos).
Ejemplo
Los seis verbos totalmente irregulares (DAR, ESTAR, IR, SABER, SER, HABER)
The six completely irregular verbs in the present subjunctive: DAR, ESTAR, IR, SABER, SER, HABER.
📌 Nota gramatical
These high-frequency verbs do not follow the 'yo' form rule and must be memorized. DAR: dé, des, dé, demos, deis, den. ESTAR: esté, estés, esté, estemos, estéis, estén. IR: vaya, vayas, vaya, vayamos, vayáis, vayan. SABER: sepa, sepas, sepa, sepamos, sepáis, sepan. SER: sea, seas, sea, seamos, seáis, sean. HABER: haya (impersonal).
Ejemplo
El verbo HABER en el presente de subjuntivo: HAYA
The special impersonal use of HABER in the present subjunctive ('haya').
📌 Nota gramatical
The verb haber has a unique form in the present subjunctive: haya. It is used impersonally to express existence ('there is/are') in dependent clauses requiring the subjunctive mood, such as after expressions of doubt, emotion, or uncertainty.
Ejemplo
Acentuación en el presente de subjuntivo
Stress placement and written accents in subjunctive conjugations.
📌 Nota gramatical
In the present subjunctive, the written accent remains on the stem syllable for all forms except the nosotros and vosotros plurals, where the stress shifts to the ending vowel. Note that dé (from dar) carries an accent mark to distinguish it from the preposition de.
Ejemplo
La estructura básica de subordinación (Sujeto 1 + Verbo 1 + QUE + Sujeto 2 + Verbo 2 en subjuntivo)
The mandatory sentence structure requiring the present subjunctive in subordinate clauses.
📌 Nota gramatical
The present subjunctive typically appears in dependent clauses introduced by the conjunction que. This requires a change of subject between the main clause (expressing desire, doubt, emotion, or impersonal opinion) and the subordinate clause.
Ejemplo
Ausencia de subjuntivo sin cambio de sujeto (infinitivo)
The subjunctive is not used when there is no change of subject; an infinitive is used instead.
📌 Nota gramatical
If the subject of both the main clause and the dependent clause is the same, Spanish does not use que plus the subjunctive. Instead, the main verb is followed directly by an infinitive.
Ejemplo
Expresiones impersonales como desencadenantes (Es importante que...)
Impersonal expressions as reliable triggers for the present subjunctive.
📌 Nota gramatical
Phrases formed by 'es + adjective/noun + que' (such as es importante, es necesario, es una pena, es bueno) trigger the subjunctive in the dependent clause because they express an evaluation or judgment rather than a statement of objective fact.
Ejemplo
Configurar entrenamiento
Configura tu sesión de entrenamiento.