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Frases de ejemplo
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aconsejar
to advise / to counsel
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar) regular verb; often takes the subjunctive mood in subordinate clauses when giving professional recommendations.
Ejemplo
El especialista me aconsejó que descansara al menos una semana después de la intervención quirúrgica.
The specialist advised me to rest for at least a week after the surgical procedure.
agobiar
to overwhelm / to weigh down
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar) regular verb; frequently used reflexively ('agobiarse') to describe feeling overwhelmed or stressed.
Ejemplo
La acumulación de trabajo y las exigencias diarias pueden agobiar la salud mental del paciente.
The accumulation of work and daily demands can overwhelm the patient's mental health.
atenuar
to alleviate / to mitigate / to tone down
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar) verb with a written accent on the weak vowel in certain present forms (atenúo, atenúa) to maintain hiatus, though standard conjugation patterns apply.
Ejemplo
Este nuevo fármaco analgésico ayuda a atenuar el dolor crónico sin causar efectos secundarios graves.
This new analgesic drug helps to alleviate chronic pain without causing severe side effects.
carecer
to lack / to be devoid of
📌 Nota gramatical
Third conjugation (-er/-ir group pattern, specifically -ecer) irregular verb with a 'zc' mutation in the first-person singular present (carezco) and present subjunctive.
Ejemplo
Muchos pacientes con trastornos depresivos graves suelen carecer de motivación para realizar actividades cotidianas.
Many patients with severe depressive disorders tend to lack motivation to carry out daily activities.
cohibirse
to inhibit oneself / to feel awkward
📌 Nota gramatical
Third conjugation (-ir) reflexive verb; requires reflexive pronouns and features written accents on the 'i' in various present and imperfect subjunctive forms to indicate hiatus.
Ejemplo
La paciente tendía a cohibirse durante las primeras sesiones de terapia debido a su timidez extrema.
The female patient tended to inhibit herself during the first therapy sessions due to her extreme shyness.
diagnosticar
to diagnose
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar) regular verb; orthographic change in the preterite yo form (diagnostiqué) to preserve the hard /k/ sound before 'e'.
Ejemplo
El neurólogo le diagnosticó una migraña crónica tras analizar exhaustivamente todos sus síntomas.
The neurologist diagnosed him with chronic migraine after exhaustively analyzing all his symptoms.
descompensarse
to become destabilized / to decompensate
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar) reflexive verb; commonly used in medicine when chronic conditions (like diabetes or hypertension) lose stability.
Ejemplo
Si el paciente diabético no sigue la dieta estricta, su nivel de glucosa en sangre puede descompensarse rápidamente.
If the diabetic patient does not follow the strict diet, their blood glucose level can quickly become destabilized.
disminuir
to decrease / to diminish / to reduce
📌 Nota gramatical
Third conjugation (-ir) verb with a yod spelling change (adding 'y' between vowels in certain forms: disminuye, disminuyen) and written accents.
Ejemplo
Los analgésicos recetados lograron disminuir la inflamación en las articulaciones del paciente reumático.
The prescribed painkillers managed to decrease the inflammation in the rheumatic patient's joints.
enfrentarse
to face / to confront
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar) reflexive verb; typically used with the preposition 'a' ('enfrentarse a') when confronting difficulties or psychological traumas.
Ejemplo
Muchos veteranos de guerra tienen que enfrentarse al trastorno de estrés postraumático al volver.
Many war veterans have to face post-traumatic stress disorder upon returning.
fallecer
to pass away / to die
📌 Nota gramatical
Third conjugation (-ecer) irregular verb; uses the 'zc' mutation in the first-person singular present (fallezco) and throughout the present subjunctive.
Ejemplo
El anciano lamentablemente falleció en el hospital tras una larga enfermedad degenerativa.
The elderly man unfortunately passed away in the hospital after a long degenerative illness.
inhibir
to inhibit / to block
📌 Nota gramatical
Third conjugation (-ir) regular verb; often used in pharmacology regarding neurotransmitters or enzyme actions.
Ejemplo
Este medicamento está diseñado para inhibir la recaptación de serotonina en el sistema nervioso central.
This medication is designed to inhibit serotonin reuptake in the central nervous system.
internalizar
to internalize
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar) regular verb; frequently applied in psychological contexts regarding emotions, behaviors, or social norms.
Ejemplo
Durante la infancia, las personas tienden a internalizar las expectativas críticas de sus padres de manera inconsciente.
During childhood, people tend to internalize the critical expectations of their parents unconsciously.
medicarse
to medicate oneself / to take medication
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar) reflexive verb; used when individuals take drugs for health issues, sometimes carrying a warning against self-medication ('automedicarse').
Ejemplo
Los médicos advierten que nunca se debe medicarse sin la supervisión previa de un profesional sanitario.
Doctors warn that one must never medicate oneself without the prior supervision of a health professional.
paralizarse
to become paralyzed / to freeze up
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar) reflexive verb; used both literally (neurological paralysis) and metaphorically (psychological freezing under extreme fear or shock).
Ejemplo
Ante una situación de peligro extremo, algunas personas tienden a paralizarse por completo debido al pánico.
Faced with a situation of extreme danger, some people tend to freeze up completely due to panic.
paliar
to alleviate / to palliate / to ease
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar) regular verb; frequently used in palliative care ('cuidados paliativos') to describe easing symptoms without curing the root cause.
Ejemplo
Los cuidados paliativos buscan paliar el sufrimiento físico y emocional de los enfermos terminales.
Palliative care seeks to ease the physical and emotional suffering of terminally ill patients.
prescribir
to prescribe
📌 Nota gramatical
Third conjugation (-ir) regular verb; shares the exact same participle irregular form history as escribir ('prescrito'), though 'prescripto' is also found in some regions.
Ejemplo
El psiquiatra le prescribió un tratamiento farmacológico innovador para regular sus cambios de humor.
The psychiatrist prescribed him an innovative pharmacological treatment to regulate his mood swings.
recaer
to relapse / to fall back
📌 Nota gramatical
Second conjugation (-er) irregular verb; compound of 'caer', adding an extra 'y' in the preterite 3rd person (recayó, recayeron) and present subjunctive.
Ejemplo
Desafortunadamente, el paciente volvió a consumir sustancias adictivas y experimentó una fuerte recaída; es decir, volvió a recaer.
Unfortunately, the patient started using addictive substances again and experienced a strong relapse; that is, he relapsed again.
reprimir
to repress / to suppress
📌 Nota gramatical
Third conjugation (-ir) regular verb; frequently used in psychoanalysis regarding emotions or memories kept out of conscious awareness.
Ejemplo
Según la teoría freudiana, reprimir los traumas infantiles puede generar trastornos psicológicos graves en la edad adulta.
According to Freudian theory, repressing childhood traumas can generate serious psychological disorders in adulthood.
somatizar
to somatize
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar) regular verb; takes a spelling change in the preterite 'yo' form (somatisé -> somaticé) to preserve pronunciation.
Ejemplo
Muchas personas estresadas suelen somatizar sus problemas emocionales sufriendo dolores físicos inexplicables.
Many stressed people tend to somatize their emotional problems by suffering inexplicable physical pains.
superar
to overcome / to get over
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar) regular verb; extensively used in psychological recovery, coping mechanisms, and successfully dealing with clinical disorders.
Ejemplo
Con la ayuda de un buen terapeuta, logró superar sus ataques de pánico en menos de un año.
With the help of a good therapist, she managed to overcome her panic attacks in less than a year.
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