Law & Everyday Bureaucracy

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Notice that the plural form 'leyes' requires an 'es' ending, which is standard for nouns ending in a consonant.

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Commonly used with verbs like 'poner' (to give/issue) or 'pagar' (to pay).

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Can also mean 'judgment' or 'opinion' in a broader psychological or philosophical sense.

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The feminine form is 'la abogada' (plural: 'las abogadas').

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Often used with verbs like 'firmar' (to sign) and 'cancelar' (to cancel).

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Collocates strongly with the verb 'presentar' or 'poner' when dealing with legal or police procedures.

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Often followed by the preposition 'para' to state what the requirement is needed for.

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Essential bureaucratic noun. 'Hacer los trámites' means to go through the necessary procedures.

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A fundamental word in any bureaucratic or legal context.

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Do not confuse with the verb form 'firma' (he/you formal signs), though they share the same root.

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In Spain, 'rellenar un formulario' is commonly used; in Latin America, 'llenar un formulario' is equally frequent.

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Can also mean a date (romantic) or a literary quote depending on the context.

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Regular -ar verb directly related to the noun 'multa'.

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Regular -ar verb used heavily in administrative and commercial contexts.

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Stem-changing verb (o > ue) in present tense: renuevo, renuevas, renueva...

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Regular -ar verb used when reporting crimes or illegal acts.

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Regular -ir verb. Often followed by the preposition 'con' when meaning 'to comply with'.

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Past participle used as an adjective; changes form for gender and number (prohibited/prohibiteds).

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Adjective ending in a consonant, so the singular form applies to both masculine and feminine nouns.

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Adjective that agrees with the noun it modifies (obligatorio/obligatoria).

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Often refers to administrative or official public service fees.

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Can mean a legal lawsuit or economic demand/market request depending on context.

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Plural changes from 'sanción' to 'sanciones', dropping the written accent on the 'o'.

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Useful expression: 'hoja de reclamaciones' (official complaint form in shops and restaurants).

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Abstract noun derived from the verb 'prohibir'. Plural shifts accent: prohibición -> prohibiciones.