Connectors & Discourse Markers

📌 Nota gramatical

Used to introduce a contrast or limitation, equivalent to 'however' or 'nevertheless'. They can often begin a sentence followed by a comma or appear after a semicolon. 'No entanto' is extremely common in both written and spoken European Portuguese.

📌 Nota gramatical

Used to express a logical consequence or result. 'Portanto' is more conversational and frequent in daily speech, while 'por conseguinte' is slightly more formal and written.

📌 Nota gramatical

Used to add information, arguments, or points to a previous statement. It corresponds to 'furthermore', 'moreover', or 'besides' in English. It is typically followed by a comma when starting a clause.

📌 Nota gramatical

Used to present two opposing viewpoints or aspects of a situation. The structure balances arguments, where 'por um lado' introduces the first perspective and 'por outro' introduces the counter-perspective.

📌 Nota gramatical

A concessive conjunction used to express contrast or an obstacle that does not prevent an action. In European Portuguese, 'embora' almost always triggers the Present Subjunctive (Presente do Conjuntivo) when referring to present or future situations.

📌 Nota gramatical

Used to indicate simultaneity between two actions happening at the same time. It can also mean 'whereas' when showing contrast. When denoting simultaneous ongoing actions, European Portuguese often uses the continuous structure (estar a + infinitive) alongside it.

📌 Nota gramatical

Causal connectors used to explain the reason or justification for something, slightly more formal than 'porque' (because). They are interchangeable in most B1 contexts when introducing a known fact.

📌 Nota gramatical

Expresses purpose or intention. When the subject of the main clause is different from the subject of the subordinate clause, 'para que' requires the Subjunctive mood (Conjuntivo).

📌 Nota gramatical

Expresses a contrast or concession, similar to 'embora', but followed by an infinitive verb when the subject is the same, or 'apesar de que' + indicative/subjunctive for changing subjects.

📌 Nota gramatical

Sequential and consecutive markers. 'Por isso' is extremely common in spoken European Portuguese to bridge a cause with its natural consequence in casual conversation.

📌 Nota gramatical

Used to indicate an alternative or replacement, meaning 'instead of'. It is typically followed by an infinitive verb when the subject remains the same.

📌 Nota gramatical

Specifically used to introduce a contrasting perspective, argument, or alternative viewpoint. Often paired with 'por um lado' to structure an essay or a spoken debate.