Subjunctive in Adverbial Clauses (quando, para que, antes que)
O Conjuntivo em Orações Adverbiais (quando, para que, antes que) • B2 • 12 cartões
—
Frases de exemplo
← → Teclas de seta para navegar · A para ouvir
Oração temporal com 'quando' no futuro
Temporal clauses with 'quando' referring to the future
📌 Nota gramatical
When 'quando' refers to a future event or action, the verb in the temporal clause must be in the Personal Infinitive (if there's a subject change or general rule) or the Present Subjunctive. In European Portuguese, the European standard strongly favors the Future Subjunctive for actions yet to happen, though the Present Subjunctive is also used depending on the temporal nuance. Specifically, 'quando' + Future Subjunctive expresses uncertainty regarding future realization.
Exemplo
Finalidade com 'para que' / 'a fim de que'
Purpose clauses with 'para que' / 'a fim de que'
📌 Nota gramatical
Adverbial clauses of purpose ('para que' or 'a fim de que', meaning 'so that' or 'in order that') always require the Subjunctive. If the subject of the main clause and the subordinate clause is the same, Portuguese uses 'para' + infinitive instead of 'para que' + subjunctive. Use the Present Subjunctive if the main clause is in the present/future, and the Imperfect Subjunctive if the main clause is in the past.
Exemplo
Anticipação com 'antes que' / 'antes de que'
Anticipation clauses with 'antes que' / 'antes de que'
📌 Nota gramatical
The connective 'antes que' ('before') inherently expresses an action that has not yet happened or is counter-factual relative to the main clause. Therefore, it invariably triggers the Subjunctive. Note that if the subject remains the same in both clauses, European Portuguese prefers 'antes de' + infinitive instead of 'antes que'.
Exemplo
Concessão com 'embora' / 'ainda que'
Concessive clauses with 'embora' / 'ainda que' (although, even though)
📌 Nota gramatical
Concessive conjunctions like 'embora', 'ainda que', and 'mesmo que' express a contrast or unexpected concession. In European Portuguese, when these introduce a fact that is viewed as uncertain, hypothetical, or merely granted for the sake of argument, they require the Subjunctive. Even when stating a known fact, 'embora' universally takes the subjunctive in standard Portuguese.
Exemplo
Condição com 'desde que' / 'contanto que'
Conditional clauses with 'desde que' / 'contanto que' (provided that)
📌 Nota gramatical
Conditional connectors such as 'desde que', 'contanto que', and 'a não ser que' set a strict condition for the main clause to happen. Because the realization of the condition is hypothetical, they require the Subjunctive (Present Subjunctive for open future conditions, Imperfect Subjunctive for remote or counter-factual conditions).
Exemplo
Consequência hipotética com 'de maneira que' / 'de modo que'
Consecutive clauses of intended result with 'de maneira que' / 'de modo que'
📌 Nota gramatical
While 'de maneira que' or 'de modo que' ('so that', 'in such a way that') normally take the indicative when stating an actual, achieved result, they require the Subjunctive when they express an intended result or purpose, behaving similarly to purpose clauses ('para que').
Exemplo
Consequência factual vs. intencional
Factual vs. intentional consequence contrast
📌 Nota gramatical
At B2 level, it is crucial to distinguish between factual consequence (indicative) and hypothetical or intended consequence (subjunctive). If the clause describes what actually happened as a result, use the indicative. If it describes what is intended to happen, use the subjunctive.
Exemplo
Proporcionalidade com 'à medida que' / 'quanto mais... mais...'
Proportional clauses with 'à medida que' / 'the more... the more...'
📌 Nota gramatical
Proportional clauses indicate a parallel progression. When they refer to a factual, ongoing parallel change, they use the indicative. However, if they refer to a hypothetical or future parallel development, or express a general rule framed as a possibility, the subjunctive can be triggered, though standard proportional correlations often remain in the indicative if purely descriptive.
Exemplo
Concessão com 'por muito que' / 'por mais que'
Concessive clauses with 'por muito que' / 'por mais que' (no matter how much)
📌 Nota gramatical
Expressions like 'por muito que', 'por mais que', or 'por pouco que' introduce a concessive clause indicating maximum effort or extent with a contrasting outcome. Because the outcome happens despite a hypothetical maximum effort, these expressions consistently govern the Subjunctive.
Exemplo
Modo hipotético com 'como se' + Imperfeito do Conjuntivo
Hypothetical manner clauses with 'como se' + Imperfect Subjunctive
📌 Nota gramatical
The comparative clause 'como se' ('as if') always introduces an unreal, hypothetical comparison. In European Portuguese, it is rigidly followed by the Imperfect Subjunctive (or Pluperfect Subjunctive if referring to a prior time frame). It never takes the indicative.
Exemplo
Exclusão com 'a não ser que' / 'salvo se' vs. subjuntivo
Exceptive clauses with 'a não ser que' / 'salvo se'
📌 Nota gramatical
Exceptive connectors like 'a não ser que' and 'salvo se' ('unless') introduce an exception that invalidates the main clause. Because exceptions are inherently hypothetical conditions, they require the Subjunctive when followed directly by a verb.
Exemplo
Redução de orações: Subjuntivo vs. Infinitivo Pessoal
Clause reduction: Subjunctive vs. Personal Infinitive
📌 Nota gramatical
In European Portuguese, when the subject of the adverbial clause is different from the main clause subject, you can often choose between a finite clause with the Subjunctive (e.g., 'antes que tu venhas') and a Personal Infinitive clause (e.g., 'antes de vires'). B2 mastery requires recognizing and alternating correctly between these two structures.
Exemplo
Configurar treino
Configure a sua sessão de treino.