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Frases de exemplo
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argumentar
to argue
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Regular verb used to discuss logical reasoning and debate.
Exemplo
O filósofo tenta argumentar que a liberdade absoluta é uma ilusão.
The philosopher tries to argue that absolute freedom is an illusion.
refutar
to refute
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Regular verb used in intellectual debate to counter claims.
Exemplo
A teoria científica conseguiu refutar a hipótese anterior com dados sólidos.
The scientific theory managed to refute the previous hypothesis with solid data.
justificar
to justify
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Spelling change in preterite (c -> qu before e: justifiquei).
Exemplo
O fim nunca deve justificar os meios numa sociedade ética.
The end should never justify the means in an ethical society.
questionar
to question
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Regular verb expressing critical inquiry.
Exemplo
Um bom pensador deve sempre questionar as normas estabelecidas.
A good thinker must always question established norms.
condenar
to condemn
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Regular verb used in moral and ethical judgments.
Exemplo
A sociedade deve condenar firmemente qualquer forma de discriminação.
Society must firmly condemn any form of discrimination.
ponderar
to ponder / to weigh
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Regular verb expressing careful thought and reflection.
Exemplo
Precisamos de ponderar todas as consequências éticas antes de agir.
We need to ponder all ethical consequences before acting.
deduzir
to deduce
📌 Nota gramatical
Third conjugation (-ir). Stem-changing in present (eu deduzo).
Exemplo
Podemos deduzir a partir destas premissas que a verdade é relativa.
We can deduce from these premises that truth is relative.
inferir
to infer
📌 Nota gramatical
Third conjugation (-ir). Regular pattern with stem alternation in present (eu infiro).
Exemplo
É possível inferir princípios éticos universais através da razão pura?
Is it possible to infer universal ethical principles through pure reason?
assumir
to assume / to take on
📌 Nota gramatical
Third conjugation (-ir). Regular verb often used for taking responsibility.
Exemplo
Cada indivíduo deve assumir a responsabilidade pelas suas escolhas morais.
Every individual must assume responsibility for their moral choices.
contestar
to contest / to challenge
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Regular verb expressing opposition to authority or ideas.
Exemplo
Os cidadãos têm o direito de contestar leis que considerem injustas.
Citizens have the right to contest laws they consider unjust.
validar
to validate
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Regular verb used in epistemology and ethics.
Exemplo
A experiência empírica ajuda a validar teorias sobre a realidade.
Empirical experience helps to validate theories about reality.
discernir
to discern
📌 Nota gramatical
Third conjugation (-ir). Regular verb for making moral distinctions.
Exemplo
É preciso sabedoria para discernir entre o bem e o mal.
Wisdom is needed to discern between good and evil.
analisar
to analyze
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Regular verb essential for critical thinking.
Exemplo
O ensaio exige que o aluno consiga analisar o dilema moral proposto.
The essay requires the student to be able to analyze the proposed moral dilemma.
interpretar
to interpret
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Regular verb used in hermeneutics and philosophy.
Exemplo
Diferentes culturas podem interpretar o mesmo conceito ético de forma distinta.
Different cultures can interpret the same ethical concept in different ways.
postular
to postulate
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Regular verb used to state a foundational premise.
Exemplo
Immanuel Kant vem postular que a moralidade deriva da razão prática.
Immanuel Kant postulates that morality derives from practical reason.
teorizar
to theorize
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Regular verb used in abstract and academic discourse.
Exemplo
Os sociólogos passam muito tempo a teorizar sobre a justiça social.
Sociologists spend a lot of time theorizing about social justice.
transgredir
to transgress
📌 Nota gramatical
Third conjugation (-ir). Regular verb for breaking moral or legal boundaries.
Exemplo
Aquele que decide transgredir a lei moral deve arcar com as consequências.
He who decides to transgress the moral law must bear the consequences.
sustentar
to sustain / to uphold
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Regular verb used to uphold claims or viewpoints.
Exemplo
A tese principal vem sustentar que a empatia é inata ao ser humano.
The main thesis maintains that empathy is innate to human beings.
conceituar
to conceptualize
📌 Nota gramatical
First conjugation (-ar). Regular verb used to define abstract ideas.
Exemplo
É difícil conceituar a liberdade numa sociedade tão regulada.
It is difficult to conceptualize freedom in such a regulated society.
absolver
to absolve
📌 Nota gramatical
Second conjugation (-er). Regular verb used in moral and judicial contexts.
Exemplo
A consciência moral pode absolver ou condenar as nossas ações.
Moral conscience can absolve or condemn our actions.
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