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Exempelmeningar
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Grundregel: Modalt hjälpverb + infinitiv UTAN att
Modal verbs are followed directly by the bare infinitive (without 'att')
📌 Grammatiknotering
After Swedish modal verbs (kan, ska, vill, måste, får, bör, brukar, behöver), the main verb stands in the infinitive form WITHOUT the infinitive marker 'att'.
Exempel
Kan (kunna): förmåga och möjlighet (can / be able to / know how to)
'Kan': ability, possibility, or knowing a language/skill
📌 Grammatiknotering
'Kan' (infinitive 'kunna', past 'kunde') expresses ability or possibility. Notice that for languages and skills, 'kan' can be used directly with a noun without a second verb: 'Jag kan svenska' (I know/speak Swedish).
Exempel
Vill (vilja): önskan och vilja (want to)
'Vill' means 'want to' (NOT future 'will'!)
📌 Grammatiknotering
False friend alert! Swedish 'vill' (infinitive 'vilja', past 'ville') ALWAYS means 'want(s) to', never English future 'will'. For 'would like to', use 'vill gärna' or 'skulle vilja'.
Exempel
Ska (skola): avsikt, plan, löfte och förslag (going to / shall)
'Ska': planned future, intention, or 'shall we...?'
📌 Grammatiknotering
'Ska' (past 'skulle') expresses plans, intentions, promises, or obligations decided by a person, as well as suggestions in questions ('Ska vi gå?').
Exempel
Måste: nödvändighet och tvång (must / have to)
'Måste' (must / have to) vs. 'måste inte / behöver inte'
📌 Grammatiknotering
'Måste' expresses necessity ('must / have to'). Note that in Swedish, 'du måste inte' usually means 'you don't have to' (lack of necessity, synonym of 'du behöver inte'), whereas prohibition ('must not') is expressed with 'får inte'!
Exempel
Får (få): tillåtelse och förbud (may / be allowed to / must not)
'Får' (may / be allowed to) and 'får inte' (must not / not allowed to)
📌 Grammatiknotering
As a modal verb, 'får' (infinitive 'få', past 'fick') expresses permission ('may / can / is allowed to'). Negated 'får inte' means 'must not / is not allowed to'.
Exempel
Brukar (bruka): vana (usually do)
'Brukar + infinitive' to express habitual action ('usually')
📌 Grammatiknotering
Instead of an adverb like English 'usually', Swedish uses the modal-like verb 'brukar' (infinitive 'bruka', past 'brukade' = used to) + bare infinitive!
Exempel
Behöver (behöva) och bör: behov och rekommendation
'Behöver' (need to) and 'bör' (should / ought to)
📌 Grammatiknotering
'Behöver' (need to) is most commonly used without 'att' (especially when negated: 'Du behöver inte vänta'). 'Bör' (should / ought to) gives polite advice or recommendations without 'att'.
Exempel
Ordföljd med modalt hjälpverb och inte / alltid
Word order: Modal + (Subject) + inte/alltid + Infinitive
📌 Grammatiknotering
In main clauses, the modal verb is the finite verb in Position 2. Sentence adverbs ('inte', 'alltid', 'ofta') and inverted subjects stand BETWEEN the modal verb and the infinitive.
Exempel
Rörelseuttryck utan huvudverb: Jag måste hem / Vi ska till stan
Omitting the verb of motion (gå/åka) after modal verbs with directional adverbs
📌 Grammatiknotering
When a modal verb (ska, vill, måste, får, kan) is followed by a directional expression ('hem', 'ut', 'in', 'dit', 'till jobbet', 'på bio'), the motion verb 'gå' or 'åka' is often omitted in natural Swedish.
Exempel
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