Expressing the Future: ska, kommer att, Present
Futurum (framtid): presens, ska och kommer att • A2 • 10 kort
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Exempelmeningar
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Tre sätt att uttrycka framtid på svenska
Three ways to express the future: 1) Present + time word, 2) ska + inf., 3) kommer att + inf.
📌 Grammatiknotering
Swedish has no inflected future tense. Instead, it uses three constructions depending on nuance: 1) Present tense + time expression (most common!), 2) 'ska + infinitive' (plan/intention), and 3) 'kommer att + infinitive' (prediction/forecast).
Exempel
Presens + tidsadverbial (det vanligaste sättet i vardagssvenska)
Present tense + future time adverbial
📌 Grammatiknotering
When a sentence contains a future time expression (imorgon, ikväll, nästa vecka, om en timme) or a verb of motion/change (komma, gå, åka, resa, bli, börja, sluta), Swedish strongly prefers the simple present tense.
Exempel
Ska + infinitiv (utan att!): egen vilja, plan, avsikt och löfte
'Ska + bare infinitive': human intention, plan, arrangement, or promise
📌 Grammatiknotering
Use 'ska + infinitive' (without 'att'!) when someone has decided, planned, or promised to do something—when human will or control is involved (similar to English 'am/is/are going to').
Exempel
Kommer att + infinitiv: prognos och händelser utan egen kontroll
'Kommer att + infinitive': objective prediction or event outside human control
📌 Grammatiknotering
Use 'kommer att + infinitive' for predictions, forecasts, natural processes, and future outcomes that nobody controls or decides (weather, reactions, involuntary events).
Exempel
Kontrast: ska vs. kommer att
Comparing 'ska' (intention/plan) vs. 'kommer att' (prediction)
📌 Grammatiknotering
Compare: 'Hon ska få barn' (common idiomatic exception for pregnancy/expected events) vs. 'Du kommer att bli trött om du inte sover' (prediction, not a plan!). Saying 'Du ska bli trött' sounds like an order or threat!
Exempel
Tänker + infinitiv (utan att): stark avsikt
'Tänker + bare infinitive': intend to / plan on doing
📌 Grammatiknotering
'Tänker + infinitive' (without 'att'!) is a very common alternative to 'ska' when emphasizing personal intention or determination ('I intend to / I'm planning to').
Exempel
Kommer (utan att) i modernt talspråk
Omission of 'att' after 'kommer' in modern spoken Swedish
📌 Grammatiknotering
In formal written Swedish, write 'kommer att + infinitive'. In everyday spoken and informal written Swedish, 'att' is very frequently dropped: 'Det kommer bli bra', 'Hon kommer ringa snart'.
Exempel
Ordföljd vid negation i futurum: ska inte / kommer inte att
Placement of 'inte' and adverbs in future constructions
📌 Grammatiknotering
In main clauses, 'inte' (and other sentence adverbs like 'aldrig', 'säkert', 'nog') goes immediately after the finite verb 'ska' or 'kommer'—and BEFORE 'att + infinitive'!
Exempel
Framtid i bisatser med när, om, innan
Use simple present (not 'kommer att') in 'när' and 'om' clauses
📌 Grammatiknotering
Just like in English ('When he arrives, we will eat'), Swedish uses the simple present tense (or perfekt) inside temporal and conditional clauses introduced by 'när' (when), 'om' (if), 'innan' (before), and 'så fort' (as soon as).
Exempel
Framtid ur dåtidsperspektiv: skulle + infinitiv
Future-in-the-past ('was going to'): 'skulle + infinitive'
📌 Grammatiknotering
When talking about a future plan from a past viewpoint ('I was going to call you'), use the past tense of 'ska', which is 'skulle + infinitive'.
Exempel
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